1-5,8-10 Some of the studies were not randomized most did not control for intake of energy and protein the exercise stimulus was often not standardized and some studies included competitive athletes whose motivation to win may have kept them from complying with a standardized regimen of diet and exercise. 1-9 Studies of the effects of such steroids on muscle strength have been inconclusive, 16-33 and several reviews have emphasized the shortcomings of the studies. Testosterone replacement increases nitrogen retention and fat-free mass in castrated animals and hypogonadal men, 10-15 but whether supraphysiologic doses of testosterone or other anabolic–androgenic steroids augment muscle mass and strength in normal men is unknown. IntroductionĪnabolic–androgenic steroids are widely abused by athletes and recreational bodybuilders because of the perception that these substances increase muscle mass and strength, 1-9 but this premise is unsubstantiated. Supraphysiologic doses of testosterone, especially when combined with strength training, increase fat-free mass and muscle size and strength in normal men. Neither mood nor behavior was altered in any group. The men assigned to testosterone and exercise had greater increases in fat-free mass (6.1☐.6 kg) and muscle size (triceps area, 501☑04 mm 2 quadriceps area, 1174☙1 mm 2) than those assigned to either no-exercise group, and greater increases in muscle strength (bench-press strength, 22☒ kg squatting-exercise capacity, 38±4 kg) than either no-exercise group. 131☑11 mm 2 P<0.05) and greater increases in strength in the bench-press (9±4 vs. ResultsĪmong the men in the no-exercise groups, those given testosterone had greater increases than those given placebo in muscle size in their arms (mean change in triceps area, 424☑04 vs. Before and after the treatment period, fat-free mass was determined by underwater weighing, muscle size was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and the strength of the arms and legs was assessed by bench-press and squatting exercises, respectively. The men in the exercise groups performed standardized weight-lifting exercises three times weekly. The men received injections of 600 mg of testosterone enanthate or placebo weekly for 10 weeks.
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We randomly assigned 43 normal men to one of four groups: placebo with no exercise, testosterone with no exercise, placebo plus exercise, and testosterone plus exercise. The efficacy of these substances for this purpose is unsubstantiated, however.
The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.Īthletes often take androgenic steroids in an attempt to increase their strength.
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